Induction of somatic embryogenesis in lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Geartn.)

Callus induction and somatic embryogenesis of lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.) cv. Satabankacha were studied. Callus was initiated by culturing bud, cotyledon, and young leaf explants on Murashige and Skoog (MS) (1962) medium containing a combination of 0, 4, 8 and 10 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D) and 0, 1, 2 and 3 μM 6-furfuryl amino purine (kinetin) or substituting 0, 0.5 and 1 μM benzyladenine (BA) for kinetin. Bud explants cultured on medium containing 4 μM 2,4-D and 1 μM BA gave the best callus growth. For somatic embryogenesis, the calli initiated on MS medium containing a combination of 4, 6, 8 and 10 μM 2,4-D and 1 μM BA and subsequently transferred to media containing 2–4 μM 2,4-D and 0 or 0.5 μM BA produced the most somatic embryos. When cultures were 12-week-old, callus produced on medium with 6 μM 2,4-D and 1 μM BA showed the best growth for somatic embryo regeneration. When transferred to a medium with 2 μM 2,4-D and 0.5 μM BA somatic embryos were produced from 33% of the calli. Embryos developed to the stage proembryo within 4 weeks and formed globular, heart, torpedo and mature embryos within 16 weeks.     

2019年缅甸草地贪夜蛾发生情况考察报告

缅甸是我国草地贪夜蛾的重要境外虫源区, 为了掌握草地贪夜蛾在缅甸的发生与防控情况, 2019年5月19-25日, 云南省农业科学院与缅甸农业研究司专家联合对缅甸南部、中部、中北部和东部草地贪夜蛾开展了实地调查。结果表明: 缅甸全境均有草地贪夜蛾发生, 为害严重, 田间多种虫态并存。其中, 南部玉米大部分已经收获, 虫株率62.50%~97.50%; 中部区域种植少量的商品甜玉米, 防治到位, 虫株率6.00%~7.50%; 中北部曼德勒敏建玉米种植面积最大, 达8 000 hm2, 80%的地块已成熟收获, 处于吐丝-乳熟期的田块虫株率达100%, 受害严重; 东部掸邦虫株率59%, 虫口密度2.60头/株。玉米是缅甸第二大种植作物, 全年玉米种植面积达47万~52万hm2, 其中与我国云南接壤的东部掸邦是主要种植区。到5月前因无有效降雨, 全境玉米尚未大面积种植, 仅有零星种植, 随着雨季的来临, 玉米种植面积将全面增加, 草地贪夜蛾种群数量也将随之增加。因此, 加强与缅甸相关部门合作, 密切掌握缅甸玉米种植及草地贪夜蛾的发生与防控情况, 对我国草地贪夜蛾的监测预警及防控有重要的参考价值。